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Petdeseti dan: praznik Svetega Duha

· Prazniki, Teologija · 11

Danes, petdeseti dan po veliki noči, praznujemo binkoštni praznik ali binkošti, kot radi rečemo. Si se kdaj vprašala, od kod prihaja ta beseda? Ker, roko na srce, je malo nenavadna. Kot nešteto drugih besed smo Slovenci tudi to prevzeli iz nemščine in jo malo poslovenili.

Binkošti izhaja iz nemškega izraza ‘fimfchusti’ (‘fimf’ = pet), kar so nemški narodi prevzeli iz grškega poimenovanja ‘pentēkostḗ’, kar pomeni petdeseti. Izraz pentecoste in njegove različice danes uporablja večina narodov.

Binkoštni dan je bil prvotno praznik, s katerim je Izrael praznoval sklenitev zaveze z Bogom na Sinaju. Po jeruzalemskem binkoštnem dogodku je ta dan za Kristjane postal praznik Sv. Duha.

Kaj se je ta dan pravzaprav zgodilo?

Opis binkoštnega praznika najdemo v Svetem pismu, in sicer v drugem poglavju Apostolskih del (Apd 2,1-11), kjer je dogodek podrobneje opisan, ter v dvajsetem poglavju Janezovega evangelija (Jn 20,19-23). Na ta dan poveličani Jezus Kristus v obilju razlije Duha in ga razodene kot božjo osebo. (KKC kompendij 144) »Prikazali so se jim jeziki, podobni plamenom, ki so se razdelili, in nad vsakim je obstal po eden. Vsi so bili napolnjeni s Svetim Duhom in začeli so govoriti v tujih jezikih, kakor jim je Duh dajal izgovarjati.« (Apd 2,3-4) S tem dejanjem je sveta Trojica v polnosti razodeta ter poslanstvo Kristusa in Duha postane naše poslanstvo, naloga Cerkve, ki je oznanjanje in razširjanje skrivnosti troedinega občestva. (KKC kompendij 144)  »Kakor je Oče mene poslal, tudi jaz vas pošiljam.« (Jn 20,21)

“Videli smo resnično luč, prejeli smo nebeškega Duha, našli smo resnično vero: molimo nedeljivo Trojico, kajti ona nas je rešila” (bizantinska liturgija, troparij pri binkoštnih večernicah).

Sveti Duh in njegova vloga v našem življenju

Sveti Duh je poleg Očeta in Sina ena izmed treh oseb svete Trojice. Sv. Avguštin je zapisal: »Kjer je ljubezen, tam je trojica: ljubeči, ljubljeni in vir ljubezni.«

Spet drugi Svetega Duha opisujejo z drugimi nazivi ali opisi. Cela vrsta jih je, kot na primer Paraklet (Tolažnik), Duh obljube, Duh posinovljenja, Duh resnice, Duh slave, Božji Duh … (po KKC 692-693) Vsi ti nazivi so posledica njegove vloge (ali bolje rečeno njegovih vlog) v življenju vsake izmed nas.

On ti da prav spoznati Ljubezen – Boga – in njegove skrivnosti.
On ti da doumeti bistvo vere.
On ti da čutiti Božjo bližino.
On briše solze, ko jočeš.
On ti polaga besede v usta, kadar z izrečenim presenetiš tudi samo sebe.
On je tista vez s prijateljico, ki ji najbolj zaupaš.
On te uči moliti. (kompendij KKC 146)
On ti je ob krstu vrnil podobnost Bogu in ti daje, da živiš v Kristusu od samega življenja svete Trojice. (kompendij KKC 145)

Veliko pesmi, molitev k Sv. Duhu je čudovitih in prav On poskrbi, da ti odzvanjajo v srcu in ga napolnjujejo. Rabanus Marus je napisal molitev Veni, Creator Spiritus (O pridi, Stvarnik, Sveti Duh!), v kateri prikaže to čudovito božjo osebo:

O pridi, Stvarnik, Sveti Duh,
obišči nas, ki tvoji smo,
napolni s svojo milostjo
srce po tebi ustvarjeno.

Ime je tvoje Tolažnik
in dar Boga najvišjega,
ljubezen, ogenj, živi vir,
posvečevalec vseh stvari.

Razsvetli z lučjo nam razum,
ljubezen v naša srca vlij,
v telesni bedi nas krepčaj,
v slabosti vsaki moč nam daj.

Odženi proč sovražnika
in daj nam stanoviten mir,
pred nami hodi, vodi nas
in zla nas varuj vsakega.

Po tebi naj spoznavamo
Očeta in Sina božjega,
in v tebe trdno verujemo,
ki izhajaš večno iz obeh. Amen

Če sta ti blizu petje in slavljenje, lahko molitvi tudi prisluhneš. 

Kje naj najdem Svetega Duha?

Kar se tiče Boga, ga pozna le Božji Duh. Njegov Duh, ki nam razodeva Boga, pa nam daje spoznavati Kristusa, Njegovo Besedo, živo Božjo besedo, a samega sebe ne izreka. Tisti, ki “je govoril po prerokih”, nam daje slišati Očetovo besedo,vendar njega samega ne slišimo. Spoznamo ga samo v vzgibih, s katerimi nam razodeva Besedo in nas pripravlja k temu, da jo sprejmemo v veri. Duh resnice, ki nam “razkriva” Kristusa, “ne govori sam od sebe” (Jn 16,13). Takšno, prav Božje stopanje v ozadje razloži, zakaj “ga svet ne more prejeti, ker ga ne vidi in ne pozna”, medtem ko ga tisti, ki verujejo v Kristusa, poznajo, ker ostaja z njimi (Jn 14,17). (KKC 687)

Spoznavamo ga (KKC 687):

  •  v Cerkvi, živem občestvu,
  • v Svetem pismu, ki ga je navdihnil,
  •  v izročilu,
  •  v cerkvenem učiteljstvu, ki mu stoji ob strani,
  • v zakramentalni liturgiji, prek njenih besed in simbolov, kjer nas Sveti Duh združuje s Kristusom,
  •  v molitvi, v kateri posreduje za nas,
  • v karizmah in službah, s katerimi se gradi Cerkev,
  • v znamenjih apostolskega in misijonarskega življenja,
  •  v pričevanju svetnikov, kjer razodeva svojo svetost in nadaljuje odrešenjsko delo …

Prejele smo ga ob krstu, potrditev v Svetem Duhu pa pri zakramentu birme. In vedno je prisoten!

Aleluja!

Dodajamo še dve kratki molitvi k Svetemu Duhu:

Dihaj v meni, Sveti Duh,
da bom, kar je sveto, mislil.
Ženi me, Sveti Duh,
da bom, kar je sveto, delal.
Vabi me, Sveti Duh,
da bom, kar je sveto, ljubil.
Krepčaj me, Sveti Duh,
da bom, kar je sveto, čuval.
Varuj me, Sveti Duh,
da svetega ne izgubim.
(sv. Avguštin)

Pridi, Sveti Duh, napolni srca svojih vernih
in vžgi v njih ogenj svoje ljubezni.
Pošlji svojega Duha in prerojeni bomo
in prenovil boš obličje zemlje.
Molimo!
Bog naš Oče, Sveti Duh nas razsvetljuje in uči.
Naj nam pomaga, da bomo v življenju spoznali, kaj je prav,
 in vselej radi sprejemali njegove spodbude.
Po Kristusu našem Gospodu. Amen.

Monika Lah je odločna, vztrajna, ognjevita, organizirana, direktna, ponosna, natančna. S širokim iskrenim nasmehom razveseljuje prijatelje in jih objema s svojo gostoljubnostjo. Študentske dneve ji popestrijo skavti, dobre knjige in kava. Izžareva iskrivost in preprostost. Radovedno odkriva lepoto v odnosih, naravi, v Njem. Moč in čast sta njeno oblačilo, smeji se prihodnjemu dnevu. (Prg 31,25) @paberkovalka

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